棋坛泰斗鲍特维尼克简介
米哈伊尔·鲍特维尼克是苏联和俄罗斯的特级大师，第六位国际象棋世界冠军（1948-1963年）。他坐拥世界冠军头衔近15年，在最高水平国际象棋领域保持30多年之久。
Mikhail Botvinnik was a Soviet and Russian grandmaster, and the sixth World Chess Champion (1948-1963). He held the world champion title for close to 15 years (with two brief breaks in 1957 and 1960), and played chess at its highest level for over 30 years.
他还是卓越的电气工程师和计算机科学家，发展计算机国际象棋方面的先驱。
He also worked as an electrical engineer and computer scientist and was a pioneer of computer chess.
鲍特维尼克被公认为有史以来最强大的棋手之一，并被称为苏联国际象棋教父。
Botvinnik is widely accepted as one of the strongest players of all time, and is known as the father of the Soviet Chess School.
他是使苏联能够主宰世界最高水平国际象棋领域的教练系统负责人。
He is leading member of the coaching system that enabled the Soviet Union to dominate top-class chess.
他的学生包括世界冠军阿纳托利·卡尔波夫、加里·卡斯帕罗夫和弗拉基米尔·克拉姆尼克（以及许多其他国际特级大师）。
His students include World Champions Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik (as well as many other Grandmasters).
鲍特维尼克是首位提出国际象棋需要科学训练的教练.
Botvinnik is the first coach to emphasize the science of training.
他的名言有：国际象棋是分析的艺术，是表达逻辑科学的艺术。
His famous quotes include：
Chess is the art of analysis.
Chess is the art which expresses the science of logic.
Soviet Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik was born on 17 August 1911 in Repino. At the age of 12, in 1923, he started to be interested in chess. His first trainer was Abram Model, who introduced him to the Winawer variation of the French Defence which he used successfully in his career even in his World Championship matches. He was considered to be one of the best 10 chess players between 1935 and 1960. His peak World ranking: 1st (in 131 different months between September 1936 and May 1958). According to Chessmetrics his highest rating is 2885.
Botvinnik held his World Champion title with two small interruptions from 1948 to 1963. In 1948 there was a five round tournament for the five best chess players at the time to decide the World Champion title after the death of former world champion Alekhine in 1946. This was the first time in chess history that the Men’s World Championship title was awarded on a tournament organised and played by the rules of FIDE (Wikipedia). Botvinnik won his first World Championship title in this tournament. In the 1951 World Championship Botvinnik’s challenger was David Bronstein. This was the first championship match based on the new rules of FIDE. According to these rules the players had to win a series of matches (now Candidate Tournament) to gain the right to challenge the World Champion (Wikipedia). Botvinnik defended his title after he drew with Bronstein to 12-12. In the 1954 World Championship match Mikhail Botvinnik’s challenger was Vasily Smyslov. He again drew by 12-12 and defended his title. In 1957 Vasily Smyslov challenged Botvinnik again, and after winning the match by 12 ½ -9 ½, Smyslov became the seventh official World Chess Champion. In 1958 Botvinnik challenged Smyslov and won back the title in a 24 game match by 12 ½ to 10 ½. In 1960 Botvinnik’s challenger was Mikhail Tal, who won by 12 ½ - 8 ½ and became the eight official World Champion. In the 1961 return match Botvinnik won by 13-8 and won back his title again. Botvinnik’s last World Championship match was in 1963. His challenger was the Soviet Tigran Petrosian who won by 12 ½ - 9 ½ and gained the World Championship title that Botvinnik could not win back again. With that win Petrosian became the ninth official World Champion in chess.
Mikhail Botvinnik participated in 6 Chess Olympiads playing for the Soviet Union, winning gold in team all six times. He won individual gold in 1954 in Amsterdam, individual silver in 1956 in Moscow, individual bronze in 1958 in Munich, individual gold again in 1960 in Leipzig, placed six in 1962 in Varna, and won individual bronze again in 1964 in Tel-Aviv.
He died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 83 on 5 May 1995 in Moscow.
